Recommended actions to assist patients with a mild to moderate Dementia

People with mild to moderate dementia are cared for largely by family physicians as well as the patient’s own family, and management of care can be complex and challenging. A team of clinicians, teachers and researchers from the University of Calgary, Dalhousie University, McGill University, Sunnybrook Health Sciences and the University of Toronto, University of Ottawa, University of Western Ontario, Universite de Montreal, University of Saskatchewan and affiliated institutions have created comprehensive guidelines for family physicians on how to manage dementia once a diagnosis has been made. This approach focuses on supporting both the patient and the primary caregiver.


Recommended actions to assist patients with a mild to moderate
dementia and their families after a diagnosis has been made:

• Inform the patient and his or her family (if present and appropriate) of the
diagnosis (this would include general counselling and responding to specific
questions)

• Identify the presence of a family caregiver, what support this person can
offer, his or her status (i.e., evidence of strain) and his or her needs (this
would include trying to deal with any identified needs) — ongoing activity

• Decide on the need for referrals for further diagnostic and management
assistance (e.g., referral to genetic clinic for suspected familial cases) —
ongoing activity

• Assess for safety risks (e.g., driving, financial management, medication
management, home safety risks that could arise from cooking or smoking,
potentially dangerous behaviours such as wandering) — ongoing activity

• Determine presence of any advance planning documents (e.g., will, enduring
power of attorney, personal directive). If there are no such documents, advise
that they be drafted. Note that this may include assessing the patientís capacity
to either draft these documents or whether they should be put into effect.

• Assess the patient’s decision-making capacity — ongoing activity

• Refer the patient and family to the local office of the Alzheimer Society

• Provide information and advice about nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic
treatment options and availability of research studies

• Develop and implement a treatment plan with defined goals; continually
update plan

• Monitor response to any initiated therapy

• Monitor and manage functional problems (e.g., urinary incontinence) as they
arise

• Assess and manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia as
they arise

• Monitor nutritional status and intervene as needed

• Deal with medical conditions and provide ongoing medical care

• Mobilize community-based and facility-based resources as needed (this
includes being knowledgeable about supportive housing and long-term care
options and the appropriate timing, and process, for facility placement)

Source : Canadian Medical Association Journal Press Release



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